The 5th International Symposium on Assessment in Music Education was hosted by the University of Florida, James Madison University, and The Shenandoah Conservatory of Shenandoah University. The symposium brought together 288 participants from 17 nations and six continents to learn of each other s work, establish collaborations and professional networks, and shape new directions for research in this important area of music education in Williamsburg, Virginia, from February 18-21, 2015. The four keynote addresses and 37 papers published in this volume document music assessment practice and the measurement and evaluation of music learning across the world in local, state, and national contexts at all levels. The attendees also attended special work sessions to discuss the key questions of the symposium, and their discussions are summarized in this collection. As music educators across the world come to terms with increased expectations for accountability of learning in music, the scholars and practitioners who have contributed to this volume provide insight to guide their work.